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Some things to try to give the child, do not try to never, what are a first time. Nothing is "long nature will do" is to exercise. You may order not to let children suffer, or to let the children have time to learn, or that the child simply can not do anything without letting the child do things. But this child is to exercise the opportunity, the saying goes, failure is Love Bracelet the mother of success, fear of the child to fail without allowing the child to do so, then the child is not growth. Children in the cognitive process of the world, all full of curiosity, and those forces can not always eager. But many parents of the child's requirements but not seriously. Parents, his age, he can do for a meal? Allows himself to the downstairs to the supermarket to buy yogurt it? A person to go to school, to be abducted? For parents in the UK, they do not think so. Mike a couple of 10-year-old son Charlie will not only take care of their own daily lives, repair, home plumbing, electrical, Babe Bracelet and even repair the car can say a clearly and logically. In China, these things may be the twenties young man may not understand. Domestic parents are more less the issue, not to mention the child is still small, so the parents of the requirements of the child laughed, rushing to help him dispose of the problem, or simply let the children give up his larger to let him try .
Charlie is still two years old, and interest on the dishwasher. His father Charlie to try the dishes. Charlie is not only felt wet also smashed the bowl. When Charlie began to cry in frustration, Mike fasten your aprons, to Charlie demonstrates how to bowl wash clean and dry. Charles thus learned to wash the dishes. Mike's idea is very simple: to give children the chance of failure, in the face of failure, time to correct the error until it succeeds, it does not just teach the child to learn and master the ability, but also taught him an attitude towards life. "An exercise to the children the opportunity to let the children have a chance to fail before we can let the children a chance of success. Always let the children to avoid a dangerous thing, then the child would always be these things threatening. Only to let the children learn to overcome dangerous to let him calm face, but also allows parents to be more assured. The right approach, coupled with proper exercise children will always be successful.

Behavior implies that one of the latest concepts mentioned, in fact, a similar argument in the media to have been done experiments to prove the importance of behavior implied. The experimental results show that indeed the behavior of parents implied that has an important impact on the child's growth and development, we have the following look at the example of the experiment on behavior implied. This test is the game content in the form of the game. Four children came to power walk the balance beam, to see who is with the shortest, walking is the most stable. Balance seems to observe the child, it is not. Experts concerned about the behavior of the parents suggests that the analysis of parents to educate their children on a misunderstanding.
The second girl, 5 years old, my mother accompanied. The teacher said at the beginning, my mother nervously Zhang his hands to protect children on the balance beam, like ready to catch the child to go unstable. The third girl, 5 years and a half, accompanied by my father. When the teacher finished the rules of the game, and my father squatted down and gave the child said something should do, and then carefully behind the child's children, you have step by step to move forward. The first boy, aged 4 and a half, accompanied by grandpa. When the teacher said to start timing, the boy steadily forward, grandpa did not help did not care, only place to wait and see when the kids are coming to an end, the Sexy Bracelet grandfather was a brisk walk in the past to pull children. The fourth boy, 4 years old and a half, accompanied by Foxy Bracelet Grandma and Grandpa. She took the children to help on the balance beam, hand did not leave the child when the teacher said to start, my grandmother outside forces to protect the children to move forward. This behavior is blocked, the child slowly and carefully forward, release the hand of her grandmother uneasy with the child behind. Behavior implies a positive and negative points, usually I AU and less concerned about how we treat our children, but together compare immediately see the outcome, goes without saying that protect more children to walk slower, behavior implied by positive and negative children matter the level of fear is different, the end result was a result of not the same, should not we rethink?

Educate their children anytime, anywhere commanded the child's knowledge. The key to education is to arouse the 4-6 year-old child is in the interest of the child's various sense organs rapid development of the nervous system gradually improve the stage. At this stage the child has a strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge. They are very interested in Chow Tin. Children of this stage, the focus of the development of intelligence, knowledge of education is to develop the children's horizons, an increase of the child's insight to expand the knowledge of the child, the child's self-development to build a broad space for development. Only knowledgeable, to do Ercongmuming. So pay attention to the rich to give their children the opportunity to listen more to see, and children to talk, anytime, anywhere the child's Rhinestone Skirt Set knowledge. Take children out of the house, let the children in the outside world to increase their knowledge and experience to enrich the child's knowledge in a variety of environmental nature. The family of conditional best every day, children go out for a walk, of course, when walking is not only the kids stroll, to take the children to the classroom of nature, while walking side combined with the surrounding landscape and children to talk, for example, pick a leaf pairs of police leaves the structure, or observe the birds how to fly, birds nest in what place: You can also combine the weather tell the children about the weather knowledge, how the wind is formed, how the grading, What is not cold blowing Wind in the Willows: Why winter snow, even on rainy days with the children umbrella to experience the feeling of walking in the rain: You can also call the children to observe the spring What time the willow tree will fly, fall those tree leaves, leaves in the fall before discoloration: What it will not in the winter deciduous tree leaves special place. Children in cities can be observed in the walk around the building, tell the children the building name, which let the children observe the shape of the building, color, shape features of the building can also be used to guide the children observe the building space form, to help children to establish the concept of space: especially in the early morning or evening, let the children observe the building Shen Man in the dawn or sunset views, will be the relevant sense of feeling good for children and Kai For. The children observe the passing vehicles on the streets, observe the store ads and Showroom, which will play a growth of children stories, expand the child knowledge, promote the role of the intellectual development of children.
4-6 year-old child is in a strong Sexy Body Chain thirst for knowledge of the period, to bring them out of the house, in the face of the wider world around them full of curiosity, so there will be many, why? ", The children desire to learn initial manifestation is the child began to make a variety of problems. give the child the problem in a timely manner, patience and a reasonable answer can encourage the children knowledge of positive and if the child you can not answer, you can also take the kids on books Museum to find answers to a knowledgeable person to ask, let the children together to participate in the exploration and settlement process, the problem will give children to leave a deeper impact. Of course, sometimes the child's possible that we can not resolve, then either and children to explore a more reasonable conclusion, or to tell the children this problem we can not be solved now, when you grow up, learn more knowledge and then later to fix it but do pay attention to is do not policy to cheat or deceive children. recognize its attitude to the issues raised by the children should take, as far as possible to help children find the correct answer, do not perfunctory and misleading children.

Ability to foster Robe Courte Vinyl Lingerie the children to think independently, each parent must take into account the problems, as the only child growing, more and more contradictions appear in front of people every obedient, not assertive, cunning Neetsgreenhouse flowers seem to get used to rely on their parents', and a serious lack of independent thinking, ability to survive independently. The ability to cultivate children's independent thinking is imminent. A very realistic comparison, we can allow you to have a profound understanding of our children, a young Chinese couple with a 3-year-old child in the way of the clearance, the Chinese boy by the parent rotation to hold in my arms not have their own walk or take a small cart; another foreign couple with a girl of similar age, foreign little girl not only did not let the mother hold, but also to help his mother pushing a small cart. Children of similar age, even such a big difference, it is well worth considering.
The Adult Bunny Costume reason, we found that our children lack a sense of independence, full of all dependent to some extent, the deviation is due to parents' educational philosophy. Can not sleep and children bed, do not want children as soon as possible to lead a collective life, Life is full of children to spend time and thoughtful, not allowing children to do housework, do not exercise their ability to live in any thing, the parents call the shots, children obey and bow good, even the study, parents did not like to interfere, and most of the parents decided to interest in learning, to sacrifice their holidays on the tutoring sessions, with little success that the parents do not care for the child. As time goes by, the child's mind has completely lost the independent consciousness, waiting for the parents to dominate their lives. Want to cultivate the ability of children to think independently, and do not rely on adults, parents should first correct your attitude. Child interested in things they enjoy to play the most important thing is to provide children of independent thinking, independent judgment, their own affairs themselves space. The parents of the child's ability to trust, as long as they make the decision does not violate the principle, parents can let go, to make their own action, and only experienced wind and rain, to make the greenhouse seedlings grow independently.

It should be recognized that every child has the innovative potential. Why, then, some grow up creative, but some are not creative? This is mainly Lace Garter Set related to the education of the parents and teachers. So how do you cultivate the child's capacity for independent innovation? Correct understanding of the child. Adults who understand the children in various age Xu chase with a variety of ability, but also the personality traits of the baby's crystal clear in order to take appropriate education strategy. If the ability of your child's strengths, then you can ask him to higher standards; If your child is naturally sensitive, timid, then you should encourage him to boldly attempt. Not the child in the eyes of others is how to listen to reason, parents must have faith in him, understand him well to understand him, as far as possible to find the baby's interest. Look, baby just had toys thrown aside, and began to open the little radio, then Mom and Dad do not snatched the radio reprimanded him up, but first ask, What does he want? Maybe the baby will tell you. He wanted to look inside talking. He went to water the flowers, how can water stomach heat? He will tell you, too cold outside to spend pouring hot water, it will be warmer. There are indications that the child's every move has his reasons, the key to how to guide, rudely prevented, or capitalize on the trend? Tell the children the correct way, and, as far as possible, and children together to explore! To the children to create a relaxed and harmonious educational environment for innovation make baby's family has the following characteristics: less restrictive to encourage young children to independence from the parent-child interaction of democracy and equality; let the children try to enable them to reduce the frame of thinking, and the internal pressure.
A set of the physical environment: space and materials, easy Lace Stockings to set for the baby to them the freedom to pick and place material, and the freedom to explore. First to provide toys for baby age characteristics: 1 year old baby can play with colorful, moving, and will sound toys, let him get to know the different colors, shapes and sounds; two-year-old baby can take the building blocks of various shapes ; 3-year-old baby can draw simple graphics on a 6-year-old baby can fight inserted difficult building blocks, play jigsaw puzzle, Transformers and model car, then allows them to make some creative with their parents toys. Moreover, provided toys to be able to meet the innovative aspirations of the children, such as transparent bottles of varying sizes, pigments, disposable syringes, etc., so that your baby hands to observe the color change of perception. Spiritual environment: respect for children's freedom, allowing them to choose activities, approaches and partnerships. Encourage a variety of exploration activities caused by curiosity, sure they are unusual and valuable ideas. Impact on children is the most drought, the deepest, address, the most frequent environmental stimuli is the love of parents, families with children, parent-child relationship, the love of a kind of "education", it showed respect for the baby's, trust, love and expectations.

 It is understood that many of the one-child parents want their children to superior intelligence, talent early, and therefore wanted to early education, but was worried about early education, this would affect a child's intellectual development. So, what is the most appropriate child education it? Here to talk about it between the title of the early education and the "critical age". This issue of the "critical age", originally by the Austrian ecologist Loren cheap lingerie to buy from china at wholesale prices is drawn out. In 1937, he was proud of the animal experiments and found an interesting phenomenon. He saw the newly hatched gosling soon, it will go with it first to see the behind the Mother Goose and Mother Goose attachment modality. However, if the newly hatched goslings and Mother Goose is isolated, twelve days, whether gosling how contact with the Mother Goose, the goose is also not forced the mother with the goose. In other words, this poult attachment behavior of the parent birds, only a short period of time poult was born near. This phenomenon chromium Lenz called "imprinting" phenomenon. The imprinted period called the "critical period". Later, this phenomenon has also been found in other mammals. He also found that the chick's mother engraved "critical period is 10-16 hours after birth, the critical period of the puppy is about living after 3 to 7 weeks. Later, the people of this animal study results are applied to the study of early child development. Studies show that many of the children's ability to a certain critical period. Therefore, psychologists the key question of the age of the psychological development of children. The so-called critical age is the age of lifelong learning, the most efficient. Applied during this age of education, can have a multiplier effect, delay over this period, it is inevitable duplication of efforts. The research data shows that at home and abroad: 2-3 years old children learn oral language age, counting ability (verbal count and say the total number of physical points, and the number of extract) the critical age of development. The age of 2 and a half to three years and a half to cultivate children the rules of age, but also develop the critical age of independence of the three-year-old, 4-5 years of age is a critical age for learning cheap lingerie wholesale ship to ireland the written language, 5-year-old is a critical age to grasp a few concepts, before the age of the image of the visual key to the development age 3-8 years old is the critical age for learning a foreign language, playing the piano from the age of five, the violin does not start from the 3-year-old is not easy to learn proficient.
People to study the ability of various things in a certain period of time is the most effective and most able to play a human potential, that's for sure. Based on these findings, we can put the "critical age" in accordance with one of our good and scientific family education. The children of different age comes a little in advance to give a different focus on education. Example, parents want their children to learn to draw, you can let the children before the age of four to see more color pictures, buy toys also note toys shape and color of America, in order to facilitate the development of the child image of vision, ready to help their children study foreign language parents, children four years old, teach him to read a foreign language words the Guang want their children to the literature of the parents in the child the age of five multi-tell some stories, the back point of the ancient Chinese essay, poetry. So that the full development of one or more of any ability to provide children with opportunities to dig the potential of children. I believe that successful education must be in the children's intellectual burgeoning period, otherwise, with little success. We must pay attention to the children "critical age" of education. Of course, the "critical age" is not absolute, is still in the prime-detection practice stage, Therefore, we can not mechanistic view of the "critical age".

 Children have special needs friendship. Their growth and development at the same time, friendship is also a sense of development. The one hand, they desire for their close partners, on the one hand they want to recognize and respect their wishes partners. We know that human behavior is to be guided by the thinking and understanding. The correct understanding may lead to good behavior, the wrong understanding will lead to the occurrence of bad behavior. If the child right from wrong, good and evil is not identified, may be confused promiscuity "friends". Therefore, the parents can not be ignored their responsibilities, and navigation for your children, friends. First of all, the parents of the child's friends should have a correct understanding of and attitudes. "Overplus". Children by his friends, will be subject to what effect. Children's thinking and personality has not been established, is very susceptible to the influence of infection for whom close friends. If your child became acquainted with some of the behavior of poor people, will be contaminated by bad habits and thoughts, do not love labor, not love learning, curse, steal something. Therefore, the parents of the child's friends can not turn a blind eye, resulting in the child the wrong friends. Some parents, for fear the children make bad person, unworthy, to prevent children and children between the results lead to the child's resentment and resistance, simply engage in "underground", or so that children learn without the Friends of ignorance, to develop the eccentric character. So, parents, children friends, neither left unchecked, they can not grossly interfere in and to the warm concern and specific guidance.
Secondly, the characteristics cheap nipple covers of the child's guidance they have mastered the principle of making friends. Children make friends with a wide range rather than a solid friendship based on common activities and interests on the basis of the friends without specifically. As children grew older, friends will have a certain degree of selectivity and stability, they prefer the interests, hobbies, personality and make friends with people, friendship is also relatively stable. In general, parents want their children to find a better than his friends. But in fact such a friend is hard to find. So, parents teach children to deal with them need not be too demanding. On the basis of the common aspirations, interests, hobbies, to promote mutual learning. Sometimes, parents can suggest their children to find some "compensatory" friends. For example, the bad temper of their children, and suggested that he find a gentle, sober-minded friends, their children longer than the picture shorter than the music, let him find a music good friends, so you can learn from each other, mutual benefit. Parents have to constantly tell them views on friendship and deal with them anecdotes of historical figures, the correct standard to guide them to master to deal with them. In addition, the child's friends, new friends, parents should treat each other sincerely, at the same time to observe. If the children to be polite and understand the truth together to seriously study the health of the game, each other sincerely and frankly, the parents timely appreciation, encouragement, and bear them to create conditions in which cheap pink bear costume their favorite activities to promote their friendship. If you find that the child's friends impetuous speech, and frivolous manner, and parents do not immediately blame, so as not to hurt their self-esteem. Implied and can be taken to be to persuade them to carry out some of the healthy and beneficial activities, and afterwards re-educate the children the proper way for the choice of friends and contacts. Benefit equal to the union to deal with them. " May your children to pay more useful friend.

Children have special needs friendship. Their growth and development at the same time, friendship is also a sense of development. The one hand, they desire for their close partners, on the one hand they want to recognize and respect their wishes partners. We know that human behavior is to be guided by the thinking and understanding. The correct understanding may lead to good behavior, the wrong understanding will lead to the occurrence of bad behavior. If the child right from wrong, good and evil is not identified, may be confused promiscuity "friends". Therefore, the parents can not be ignored their responsibilities, and navigation for your children, friends. First of all, the parents of the child's friends should have a correct understanding of and attitudes. "Overplus". Children by his friends, will be subject to what effect. Children's thinking and personality has not been established, is very susceptible to the influence of infection for whom close friends. If your child became acquainted with some of the behavior of poor people, will be contaminated by bad habits and thoughts, do not love labor, not love learning, curse, steal something. Therefore, the parents of the child's friends can not turn a blind eye, resulting in the child the wrong friends. Some parents, for fear the children make bad person, unworthy, to prevent children and children between the results lead to the child's resentment and resistance, simply engage in "underground", or so that children learn without the Friends of ignorance, to develop the eccentric character. So, parents, children friends, neither left unchecked, they can not grossly interfere in and to the warm concern and specific guidance. Secondly, the characteristics of the child's guidance they have mastered the principle of making friends. Children make friends with a wide range rather cheap plus size bras than a solid friendship based on common activities and interests on the basis of the friends without specifically. As children grew older, friends will have a certain degree of selectivity and stability, they prefer the interests, hobbies, personality and make friends with people, friendship is also relatively stable. In general, parents want their children to find a better than his friends. But in fact such a friend is hard to find. So, parents teach children to deal with them need not be too demanding. On the basis of the common aspirations, interests, hobbies, to promote mutual learning. Sometimes, parents can suggest their children to find some "compensatory" friends. For example, the bad temper of their children, and suggested that he find a gentle, sober-minded friends, their children longer than the picture shorter than the music, let him find a music good friends, so you can learn from each other, mutual benefit. Parents have to constantly tell them views on friendship and deal with them anecdotes of historical figures, the correct standard to guide them to master to deal with them.  
In addition, the child's friends, new friends, parents should treat each other sincerely, at the same time to observe. If the children to be polite and understand the truth together to seriously study the health of the game, each other sincerely and frankly, the parents timely appreciation, encouragement, and bear them to create conditions in which their favorite activities to promote their friendship. If you find that the child's friends cheap price lingerie + free shipping + india impetuous speech, and frivolous manner, and parents do not immediately blame, so as not to hurt their self-esteem. Implied and can be taken to be to persuade them to carry out some of the healthy and beneficial activities, and afterwards re-educate the children the proper way for the choice of friends and contacts. Benefit equal to the union to deal with them. " May your children to pay more useful friend.

 The child's thinking is the thinking of the specific image they like to imitate. Example and the recorded range enables children have rules, a sample can be learned. Life a lot of good role models, parents should guide their children to pay attention to timely, otherwise, the child may also turn a blind eye. An example can be adults, and children. However, parents are the children directly learn from parents to a very indecent words and deeds, and everywhere set an example. The parents are the child's first teacher. When the children were born, was most cordial, most familiar with is mother. In early childhood, exposure to most parents. An officer and his party all of the parents affect the child at all times. The sterile language of the parents, manners, habits, hobbies, personality, etc., will be marked with a deep imprint in the child's mind. To make their children behaved, polite manners, love of learning, labor, and the future called a contribution to the country from parents proud by their good behavior, influence and educate their children. First, a union of concubinage to co-Mu. The husband and wife co-Harmony is the key to creating a comfortable and peaceful living environment to the children Key. Generally speaking, children in the co-Mu family, grow better, adult children rarely took to the ramp. Tension between the family. Children, the warmth from their parents are less significant twists and turns, its growth path. From the reasons for juvenile delinquency, the important point is that the parents, the relationship between sub-Mu. The two sides have no more energy to care for and educate their children. Children from the urine left in the memory of the fight, quarrel a bad impression, and learn some uncivilized language and behavior. When the child's behavior begins to show it, do the parents soon discovered to be corrected, because they themselves have become accustomed to such behavior. Even if the parents of these issues, education, the child will not have much effect, because of their prestige and status in the eyes of a child. If parents education to beatings, the children on the surface is corrected, but has not convinced in his heart, once the environment, conditions are ripe, the bad habits of his body will reproduce. Second, parents have good living habits. Parents should have a lot of good habits. First, there must be a good learning habits. Varying degrees of culture, which is unable to achieve consistent. However, a good habit to cultivate a love of learning, but can be achieved. In modern life, many parents and cultural level is not high, but it can continue to learn, impressed with the children, promoting the formation of children to love learning quality. Some parents also want the children to learn more knowledge and become a useful person, but does not focus on learning his spare time, not to chat, drink tea, play cards and mahjong, educate their children is weak weakness. So, to make their children love school, love learning, parents themselves must have a love of learning quality. In this way, the children enjoy learning is natural.
Good financial habits. Some parents on household income, expenditure comparison reasonable. Where to spend money, you should spend money, where should not have to spend money to have a plan. And plan to tell the children, let the cheap sexy lingerie children also participated in the statesman financial management, so that the children understand the hard-earned money to spend money carefully, in order to develop good habit of overspend, do not steal money. Some families, by contrast, has no plans to spend money, well-off the beginning of the end of tight. The children of such families out spending money, and steal money. Some are not adults, on a life of crime. Caring for the elderly, respect other people's habits. Some children good manners, respect for others to know, and some children do not speak politely, export wounding. Indicating that the former parent in life to caring for the elderly, respect for others, good habits of civilization, the latter is different. Some parents are lack of filial piety to their parents support, and alienation, in front of the children there are words and deeds of disrespect to the parents. Easily spread to the children so that children do not know how should respect the elderly, respect for parents, and thus also difficult to achieve respect for others. In addition, the love of labor, discipline, pay attention to reputation, the law of life, will give children a good impression on the young child's cheap underwear mind, leave a beautiful memory.

 Early childhood, children lack self-evaluation capacity. They can only come to know through someone else's language, facial expressions, movements, valuation of their own. Therefore, when the child success or setbacks, parents or teachers make a positive response or negative response, and will directly affect the child's personality and other psychological quality trends. Successful, can make children feel excited, and enhance self-confidence and independent entrepreneurial spirit. However, it may make a child complacent, arrogant and forget. Therefore, when the success of children in their daily lives, parents and teachers must first be given the proper evaluation, encourage and praise moderate. Young mind, a psychological cheap lingerie for sale characteristics, that is, their initial pursuit of successful motivation is often to please parents and teachers. If you get the praise and reward, they get an emotional meet, followed by the formation of a vague self-assessment, driving the children to try new things and efforts. Gradually, even without the positive feedback on the adult words and deeds of the children themselves to obtain the satisfaction of success and fulfillment will become the power of initiative to overcome the difficulties, and then into an independent and enterprising spirit. However, the truth across the step is a fallacy. If the success achieved by the children to give too much praise, too much praise, excessive incentives are likely to make the naive, simple child deformity satisfaction, resulting in blind proud, arrogant, lazy ahead. Secondly, should the children to achieve success on the basis of the timely submission of new demands and desires led him to produce to reach new goals, the pursuit of greater success in the motivation and the tireless efforts of practical action. Otherwise, the children lost their way forward, revel in the success of being complacent, complacent, and ultimately not conducive to the formation of a good personality traits.
Of course, young children, subject to limited physical development, cognitive abilities and life experiences, the frustration often encountered in the course of the children want to explore. At this time adult lack of patience, do not give the necessary sympathy and help, it will make the children's normal psychological development by the distorted and deformed, so that tends to affect the development of the child character, will and other non-intellectual factors. Therefore, when children encounter a setback, parents and teachers must first take an understanding attitude of sympathy and encouragement, motherhood to help children study and analysis of causes of frustration, to teach children to learn about the knowledge and remedy. Of course, such help is not acting on their behalf, but rather focuses on the induction of inspired enhance the toughness to overcome difficulties and hard mental and physical drill fresh. Here to remind is cheap lingerie set difficult to extricate themselves suffered a setback when the child is looked bewildered, do not be complaining, sarcasm, and beatings to punish. Fix, it will make the child hurt in strong curiosity, self-confidence and self-esteem. Over time, the child may form a kind of "inferiority" and "the feeling of inadequacy, no matter what just staring at their own weaknesses and shortcomings, and felt everywhere as well as others, can not see their advantages and strengths, it is difficult from the weak freed in the state. In this way, the child's psychological mechanisms will be out of balance, mood depression, nervousness, personality solid addiction. Second, we must pay attention to inspire children to rise from the setback, not afraid of failure, the bold exploration. Parents and teachers to speak of heroic stories, watching scientists to create and invent books, so that children understand that "Failure is the mother of success," the truth, to encourage children to foster perseverance. If the spoiled the children, limit the child's activities, so that they do not have the opportunity to exercise, it will form a dependence. Now, many parents, especially the one-child parents, spoiled the child, submissive, 'so that they are not at least living skills. A result, the children are accustomed to in their daily lives to rely on their families in learning the lack of strong intellectual curiosity and initiative, they run across difficulties and setbacks to feel aggrieved is suffering, trying to escape, so the children it is difficult to develop the socialist modernization need of qualified personnel.